Characteristics of the elderly live longer
January 28, 2011
Authors:: Zhu Zhiming Author: Changsha Central Hospital, the old/Medical Research Institute, Changsha 410004, China Source: Journal of Medicine/Science collection within the article
Key words long-lived people; genetic; lifestyle
improve the quality of life to explore, to extend the healthy life expectancy of the way, the author has passed a comprehensive inspection, investigation ratio, age groups sequence comparison methods such as research and longitudinal study, completed 2 960 elderly patients, involving more than 90 years old Longevity 1 061 elderly patients (including 200 patients over the age of 100) survey detected 〔1〕. This paper before and after contact and refer to the information to long-lived people are briefly described the main features.
1 ancestral history of more than a long life, I have to first and second child born in a large proportion
longevity areas in the elderly was familial aggregation of longevity 〔2〕. 2 000 centenarians has analyzed the family longevity rate, between 50.3% ~ 77.9%, the high proportion of those multi 〔3〕. Comparison 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 years old in the age group 5 family longevity, followed by 38.3%, 50.3%, 50.4%, 59.8% and 72.8%, the rise in age group order, 100 reached the peak age group, and found that several generations of continuous family 〔4〕 longevity. Longevity and genetic, have become the consensus. And that between generations through genetic inheritance, longevity genes and their relationship with aging and further study is still 〔5〕. Discovery in 1981 of long-lived people in the case of the first and second child born 〔6〕 63%, after the verification by further investigation: first, the proportion of second child was born, according to 60, 70, 80, 90 ~ and 100 years old were 43.5%, 48.2%, 52.4%, 54.4% and 63.2% 〔4〕. Longevity Chinese Oldest Old survey also showed: first, the second child born in the age group the proportion of the rise in sequence, the higher the longevity was born in the first and second child Air Filter the greater the proportion of 〔7〕. First and second child occupies longevity advantage, may be related to birth parents, the period is in great vitality, a better quality of genetic and acquired better conditions on secondary care.
2 s short, light weight, low physical fitness and more, the ear long
long-lived people are biased coverage around the small body weight loss. A study: male height is less than 155 cm, weighing less than 45 kg, height of women is less than 145 cm, weight <35 kg were more than half of the city, mountain body weight loss and longevity for the elderly accounted for 88.1% and 85.5%, weak physical 88.4%, respectively, and 78.8% 〔8〕. This decline with age (old contraction) related. Study confirmed: the elderly by 60, 70, 80 and ≥ 90 years of age group 4, followed by an annual average decline in 0.17,0.25,0.35 height and 0.46 cm, followed by an annual average decline in body weight and 0.5 kg 〔9 0,0.2,0.3 〕. Decline with increasing age results of the young adults who are middle-size, to the old phase to Aishou, which is the main reason for the formation of body size and longevity. Secondly, based on epidemiological data: long lived elderly in juvenile stages of malnutrition, stunted growth Erzhi short stature, which Mc Cay experiment "diet restriction extends life span of individual animals less" consistent conclusions 〔1〕. Again, some of the elderly live longer than their parents are short, that figure with the genetic, life under the Hayflick limit theory shows that: The body may be beneficial for longevity 〔1.12〕.
tested: ear length of the male and female were increased with increasing age, for example, mean male ear length, 60 ~ 69,90 ~ 99 and ≥ 100-year-old group were 6.93,7.13 and 7.19 cm, females were 6.50, 6.89 and 7.26 cm 〔10〕. Consistent with the folklore. Ear fat and connective tissue Duanyou men, the elderly relative increase in body fat accumulation, connective tissue are more loose Vehicle maintenance Chi, Therefore, a corresponding increase in the external ear.
3 basic values of the blood in the normal physiological range; serum albumin and cholesterol values of partial upper limit of normal persons, the opportunity to enter a hundred more.
has approved long-lived people have in 4 to 9 and the elderly physiological value of blood testing, which made 400 cases of long-term longitudinal study〕 〔1,11 found that the elderly live longer, although the value of the physiological and the younger control group low, but basically in the normal range, indicating that organ function decline more slowly. Longitudinal study of 100 patients with long-lived people found 〔12〕: baseline mean serum albumin 38.4 g/L, 9 years later, the remaining 4 cases only mean albumin 42.7 g/L, then enter the 100-year-old 4 cases; also found that the 100-year-old did not enter the mean of 89 patients with cholesterol 4.6 mmol/L, 11 patients into the 100-year-old mean cholesterol 5.4 mmol/L, two values are 100-year-old group of high 〔11〕. 344 cases of 5-year longitudinal observation of long-lived people, found 16 cases of serum albumin into the 100-year-old mean of 41.6g/L, mean cholesterol 5.03 mmol/L, were significantly higher than those who did not enter the 100-year-old 〔13〕. Serum albumin synthesized by the liver is an important source of protein in tissues, and its value high, indicating that liver function is still good, tissue repair proteins are still capable to meet the supply; cholesterol in cell membrane structure in the body composition, have important physiological functions. Partial upper limit of normal, there is no high and low cholesterol drawbacks, also shows high-density lipoprotein in vivo at a higher level, better nutritional status of the body. Both help to live more than 100 years old.
4 more than high blood pressure, and decreased with continued aging
of 444 cases by 90 to 109 years longevity blood pressure measurement and Sex video part of the longitudinal study: 412 cases found to have high blood pressure, illness rate of 74.1%, of which 100 were 27 years of age with hypertension (23 cases) prevalence rate of 85.2%; two groups are mainly pure systolic hypertension, which accounted for 65.3% and 80.8% 〔1〕. Delayed age of onset of hypertension longevity of the elderly (age 70), slow progression, with increasing age with the continued downward trend was slow, and often higher than the average year-round group with normal blood pressure, clinical symptoms more than 15〕 〔1,12 . The high prevalence of hypertension and atherosclerosis are closely related. The elderly and small aortic elastic layer of the artery calcification occurs, the elastic fibers gradually become stiff and fragile, fracture, weakening the blood vessel elasticity, hardness increase, vascular intimal thickening, coupled with long tired/of the class of lipid deposited in the intima, atherosclerosis gradually formed. Approaching or has reached the maximum life limit of atherosclerosis is a natural law in general will, therefore, high prevalence of hypertension, both physiological and pathological is the inevitable result of aging. Elderly hypertension gradually decreased with increasing age, and aging caused by reduced blood volume, decreased cardiac contractility, decreased cardiac output and other factors related.
5 static to cultivation, simple, cheerful, optimistic mood, B-type personality and more
long-lived people tend to be less personal desires, without sentimentality and luxury delusions, easy go with the flow, pay attention to honest and kind, benevolent to others, helping others. Integrated personality characteristics of centenarians, 48.5% were positive, cheerful, quiet, modest, accounting for 44.7% 〔3〕. Had 600 cases, the elderly and the elderly live longer questionnaire survey, found that longevity has the emotional stability, export-oriented personality and characteristics of B-type personality and more 〔16〕. Optimism confident outgoing and gregarious, friendly, helpful and adaptable. B-type personality is quiet, calm, easy-going, not competitive, easy to satisfy, this type is conducive to longevity. Survey showed that over a large number of longevity: emotional stability, optimism for the first element of longevity.
6 there is life, activities of more than
life is movement, a long amount of brain, physical labor or exercise, is considered the second element of longevity. Long-lived people in the 95% of manual workers, a child develop a love of work habits, and which made, Riruerxi, has formed a life stereotypes. Over ninety, there are 62.4% light work every day, or more than 2 h of physical exercise, of which 28.7% over 3 h, 14.2% 超过 6 h. 5% of the mental life and the pen is also supplemented by sports. Long-standing physical activity to maintain metabolic balance, delayed age of arterial aging, reduce disease, delay the movement system decline, maintain independent living in old age still〕 〔1,17,18.
7 appetite is good, do not choose food, nutritional balance, hunger and eat moderate
longevity meals with their families, many elderly people, different regions and different eating habits of households vary widely, there can be no uniform model, there is no longevity recipe. But in the long-term observation that: in general a good appetite longevity, never choose food, daily food intake balance, pay attention to Bacheng full. Ancient China is a “diet” and “gourmet” (old good appetite) as a life sign. Home City were the staple food rice, flour, non-staple food with meat and vegetables, less meat and more elements; living rough and complex mountain areas are the staple food (maize, red summer, beans … …
